Vitamin C
Ascorbyl Glucoside – a form of vitamin C combined with glucose (sugar)
Origin/History:
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Made of vitamin C
Functions/Science:
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When absorbed into the skin, it breaks down to ascorbic acid (pure vitamin C)
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Antioxidant, preserves key substances skin needs to look smoother, brighter and younger
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In combination with vitamin B niacinamide it can improve uneven skin tone or spots
Ascorbyl Palmitate – stable and nonacidic form of vitamin C
Origin/History:
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Made of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and palmitic acid (fatty acid obtained from animal or vegetable fats and oils)
Functions/Science:
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Antioxidant, particularly effective in reducing environmental damage
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Preservative
Citric Acid – Natural Stabilizer
Origin/History:
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Lemon juice
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Carboxylic acid widely present in various plants and fruits
Functions/Science:
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Stabilizer, used to adjust/stabilize the pH of product
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Improves antioxidant properties of other substances, inactivates reactive oxygen species who lead to oxidative stress and thus aging
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Regulates the moisture balance of the skin, smooths and tightens
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As AHA it can exfoliate skin
Triethyl Citrate
Origin/History:
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Derived from citric acid, is an organic ester widely found in plants
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Can even be used on baby skin
Functions/Science:
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Antioxidant, deodorant, masking, plasticizer, solvent
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ecocert active ingredient for natural deodorants