Vitamin C

Ascorbyl Glucoside – a form of vitamin C combined with glucose (sugar)

Origin/History:

• Made of vitamin C

Functions/Science:

• When absorbed into the skin, it breaks down to ascorbic acid (pure vitamin C)

• Antioxidant, preserves key substances skin needs to look smoother, brighter and younger

• In combination with vitamin B niacinamide it can improve uneven skin tone or spots

Ascorbyl Palmitate – stable and nonacidic form of vitamin C

Origin/History:

• Made of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and palmitic acid (fatty acid obtained from animal or vegetable fats and oils)

Functions/Science:

• Antioxidant, particularly effective in reducing environmental damage

• Preservative

Citric Acid – Natural Stabilizer

Origin/History:

• Lemon juice

• Carboxylic acid widely present in various plants and fruits

Functions/Science:

• Stabilizer, used to adjust/stabilize the pH of product

• Improves antioxidant properties of other substances, inactivates reactive oxygen species who lead to oxidative stress and thus aging

• Regulates the moisture balance of the skin, smooths and tightens

• As AHA it can exfoliate skin

Triethyl Citrate

Origin/History: 

• Derived from citric acid, is an organic ester widely found in plants

• Can even be used on baby skin

Functions/Science:

• Antioxidant, deodorant, masking, plasticizer, solvent

• ecocert active ingredient for natural deodorants